Computational medicine, also called "in silico medicine", is the application of "in silico or computer based" research to address problems in health and medicine.

It is the specific application of computer modeling for the prognosis, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a condition. Digital Twins, a real world system or entity, represented digitally as a "digital twin".

The concept of the digital twin in healthcare is inspired by a longstanding industry practice and is based on the principle of creating virtual copies of real-world assets or systems to facilitate planning, risk analysis, testing and innovative device planning.

Virtual twin objects and systems are created, and evaluations can be made in order to evaluate patient-specific morphology and dynamic situation and to predict treatment outcomes.